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Endocrinology
Draft proposed by Dr Joanna Tung
Reviewed by Dr Frankie Cheng
Essential Skills
Domain 1 - Professional Values & Behaviour
Domain 2 - Communication
Domain 4 - Patient management
Additional desirable skills are listed in each proposal. These recommended skills are to be acquired as opportunity arises.
Download Syllabus (28 November 2023)
VIEW another syllabus
Basic Training
Common growth disorders
Accurate measurement of height, weight, body proportions and head circumference.
Utilization of growth charts and be familiar with the use of local growth standards.
Utilization of condition-specific growth charts in children with conditions like Down’s syndrome and Turner’s syndrome
Definition of normal and abnormal growth for local children
General approach and initial management of:
- Short stature/tall stature
- Failure to thrive
- Obesity
Epidemiology of obesity
Common pubertal disorders
Assessment of pubertal development
Definition of normal and abnormal puberty for local children
General approach and initial management of:
- Precocious/delayed puberty
- Thelarche/adrenarche
Disorders of the ovary/testes and female/male sexual maturation
- Recognition and initial workup on common disorders, including Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, constitutional delay in growth and puberty
Diabetes mellitus
- Recognition, diagnosis and initial management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- Acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypoglycaemia
Acute management and critical samples in hypoglycaemia in neonates and children.
Disorders of sex development
Approach and initial management of a neonate with ambiguous genitalia.
Thyroid problems diseases
Recognition and initial management on common thyroid problems
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Primary hypothyroidism
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Goitre and thyroiditis
Approach to thyroid nodules
Adrenal disorders
- Recognition and acute management of adrenal crisis
- Recognition on the need of stress dose steroid for children with adrenal insufficiency at times of acute illness or perioperatively
Disorders of calcium, phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and metabolic bone diseases
Recognition and initial management on hypo/hypercalcaemia, hypo/ hyperphosphatemia, rickets and vitamin D deficiency.
Fluid and electrolytes disorders
Recognition and initial management on:
- Diabetes insipidus
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Lipid disorders
- Cardiovascular risks of dyslipidaemia
- Clinical manifestation of dyslipidaemia
- Screening of high-risk children
Desirable skills (optional for General Paediatric Training)
Interpretation of common endocrine investigations, namely baseline hormonal tests and and oral glucose tolerance test.
Higher Training
Common growth disorders
Further investigations and appropriate referrals of:
- Short stature/tall stature
- Failure to thrive
- Obesity
Simple obesity vs. obesity due to other pathological causes
Management strategies of obesity
Screening for obesity related comorbidities
Obesity prevention
Common pubertal disorders
Further investigations and appropriate referrals of:
- Precocious/delayed puberty
- Thelarche/adrenarche
Disorders of the ovary/testes and female/male sexual maturation
- Long term management on common causes, including Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, constitutional delay in growth and puberty
- Initial workup of primary amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea
Diabetes mellitus
- Long term management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- Basic understanding on monogenic diabetes
Hypoglycaemia
- Management of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
- Diagnostic workup in children with hypoglycaemia
Disorders of sex development (DSD)
Further investigations and management of common DSD including congenital adrenal hyperplasia and undervirilised male
Thyroid problems
Long term management on common thyroid problems
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Primary hypothyroidism
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Goitre/thyroiditis
Recognition and timely consultation/referral of thyroid storm
Further invetigation of thyroid nodules
Adrenal disorders
Participate in the diagnosis and management of:
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Less common adrenal disorders e.g., Adrenal hyperfunction, Cushing syndrome etc.
Disorders of calcium, phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and metabolic bone diseases
Further workup and management on disorders of calcium, phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and metabolic bone diseases, including hyperparathyroidism, nutritional rickets and inherited hypophosphatemic rickets
Initial workup of recurrent fractures
Fluid and electrolytes disorders
Long-term management on:
- Diabetes insipidus
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Neuroendocrine system of hypothalamus and pituitary
- Recognition and initial workup on panhypopituitarism
- Long-term management on panhypopituitarism, craniopharyngioma and related pituitary disorders
Endocrine manifestations and late effect of systemic disease
Risk factors and manifestations of the late effects of systemic diseases, including cancer survivors.
Lipid disorders
Management of dyslipidaemia
Desirable skills (optional for General Paediatric Training)
Interpretation of common endocrine function tests including water deprivation test, growth hormone stimulation test, LHRH test and low dose short synacthen stimulation tests.
