Neonatology

• Understanding of fetal growth, development and physiology
• Knowledge of maternal conditions and treatment affecting the newborn
• Knowledge of peripartum factors affecting the newborn

Complications of Prematurity

• Anaemia of prematurity
• Apnoea of prematurity
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• Intraventricular haemorrhage
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Periventricular leucomalacia
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Retinopathy of prematurity

Basic pulmonary physiology as related to neonatal ventilation.

Common neonatal respiratory conditions:

• Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
• Neonatal pneumonia
• Meconium aspiration syndrome
• Pneumothorax
• Pleural effusions
• Apnoea/hypopnoea in a term infant
• Congenital pulmonary malformations
• Congenital malformations causing airway obstruction
• Congenital anomalies causing respiratory disorders

Understanding on operations of invasive and non-invasive ventilation, ventilation/oxygenation strategies

• Pressure regulation/targeting
• Volume regulation/targeting
• Triggering (pressure/flow/Edi)
• High frequency oscillatory ventilation (interpretation of frequency, tidal volume and DCO2)
• Use of inhaled nitric oxide
• Importance of PEEP and its relation with functional residual capacity and compliance
• Interpretation of trends of ventilator parameters
• Indications for surfactant therapy

• Transition from fetal to neonatal physiology
• Congenital cyanotic heart disease
• Congenital heart disease and heart failure
• Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
• Principles of management of hypotension in newborn infants

• Neonatal encephalopathy
• Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and hypothermic therapy
• Neonatal seizure and seizure management
• Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of newborns with prematurity and/or brain injury

• Importance of breastfeeding to normal infants and infants with medical problems.
• Enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition.

Early onset sepsis and late onset sepsis

• Risk factors
• Monitoring and screening of high-risk infants
• Sepsis evaluation
• Early recognition of sepsis and/or septic shock
• Treatment of the septic infant
• Appropriate use of antibiotics

Recognition and initial stabilisation of neonates with medical emergencies, e.g. acute metabolic decompensation.

• Recognition and initial management of infants with antenatal
• Diagnoses, dysmorphic features, suspected syndromal
• Diagnoses and congenital abnormalities

• Neonatal jaundice
• Neonatal hypoglycaemia
• Infants with common congenital abnormalities, e.g., urinary tract dilatation
• Neonatal polycythaemia
• Neonatal thrombocytopenia
• Electrolyte disturbances in the newborn
• Haemolytic diseases of the newborn
• Birth injuries
• Neonatal abstinence syndrome

• Recognition and initial stabilisation of neonates with surgical emergencies.
• Medical management of newborn infants with intestinal obstruction, e.g., volvulus.
• Congenital gastrointestinal abnormalities, e.g., omphalocoele, congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
• Necrotising enterocolitis.

• Ethical issues related to borderline viability
• Ethical issues related to redirection of care in a neonate

• Assessment of newborn maturity
• Newborn screening assessment

1. Interpretation of neonatal arterial and capillary blood gas results
2. Interpretation of trends of ventilator parameters
3. Basic skills of surfactant delivery
4. Head ultrasound examination
5. Injection of hyaluronidase for extravasations
6. Neonatal transport - intra-hospital transportation