Ophthalmology
Draft proposed by Dr Annie Fok
Reviewed by Dr S P Wu
Domain 1 Professional Values & Behaviour
Domain 3 Procedural skills (detection of red reflex)
Domain 4 Patient Management
Additional desirable skills are listed in each proposal. These recommended skills are to be acquired as opportunity arises.
Basic Training
Common eye problems
- Manage common paediatric eye conditions such as nasolacrimal duct obstruction, chalazia, hordeolum, epiblepharon.
- Approach to epiphora and allergic conjunctivitis.
Cataract
- Detection of cataract.
- Common causes of cataract.
Childhood glaucoma
Intraocular mass and tumour
- Detection of intraocular mass.
- Differential diagnosis of intraocular mass, particularly retinoblastoma.
Optic neuritis
- Detection of relative afferent pupillary defect.
Paediatric retinal conditions
- Recognise the staging, screening methods and management of retinopathy of prematurity ROP.
- Retinal detachment.
Eye infection
- Common causes and management of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, peri-orbital and orbital cellulitis.
Strabismus and diplopia
- Common causes of strabismus and diplopia.
- Evaluation of strabismus.
Ptosis
- Common causes of ptosis.
- Evaluation of ptosis.
Delayed visual behaviour and visual impairment
- Approach to children with delayed visual behaviour and visual impairment.
- Understand different types of common refractive errors and amblyopia.
- Recognise common causes of visual impairment and cortical visual impairment.
Desirable skills
- Bedside fundoscopic examination – use of direct ophthalmoscope.
- Use of Snellen Chart for visual acuity testing.
- Use of Ishihara Chart for colour vision testing.
Higher Training
Nystagmus
- Common causes of nystagmus and its associated features.
- The need to investigate for visual acuity and ocular abnormality.
Strabismus
- Neurological causes of incomitant squints.
Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases
Recognise and collaborate in managing the ocular manifestations in systemic diseases:
- Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities
- Metabolic disorders such as IEM, hyperthyroidism
- Craniofacial anomalies
- Rheumatological and inflammatory disorders
- Phakomatoses
- Neuroblastoma
Recognise retinal changes and ocular findings in shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma.
Visual impairment and blindness
Understand the genetic of hereditary and non-hereditary conditions that causes visual impairment, particularly Usher syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa.
Desirable skills
Prescribing mydriatics for eye examination.